Konzervacija filma

Limena ambalaža sa rolama filmova.

Kozervacija filma ili preciznije rečeno konzervacija restauracija filmskih zapisa jedna je od specijalnosti konzervacije restauracije kulturne baštine.Potreba očuvanja starih filmskih zapisa,odnosno restauriranja filmova,danas predstavlja cijeli jedan pokret u kom sudjeluju povijesničari filma,arhivisti,muzeji,kinoteke,te neprofitne organizacije,svi usmjereni ka spašavanju filmske baštine od propadanja.U širem smislu uključuje u sebi sva djelovanja usmjerena na produljenje opstojnosti filmskog zapisa,uz najveće moguće poštovanje izvornika.Primjerice u SAD se 90 % nijemih filmovam te 50 % američkih zvučnih filmova nastalih prije 1950. smatra izgubljenima.

Godinama je pod pojmom očuvanja i restauracije podrazumijevana samo izrada duplikata odnosno dodatne kopije.Cilj je bio izraditi kopiju koja će biti što trajnija,i to uz minimalne gubitke na kvaliteti.Danas očuvanje filma uključuje koncepte poput primjerenog rukovanja,dupliciranja,pohrane i dostupnosti.Za arhiviste cilj je zaštita,te javna dostupnost sadržaja.

Očuvanje treba razlučiti od filmskog revizionizma,gdje pak dovršena djela dobivaju primjerice novu glazbenu pozadinu ili zvučne efekte, koloriranje crno bijelih filmova ,te drugih kozmetičkih promijena,neovisno o uzrocima istih.

Popis obrađenih filmova

• The Impossible Voyage (1904)
• The Battle of the Somme (1916)
• Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (1922)
• Metropolis (1927)
• The Man Who Laughs (1928)
• All Quiet on the Western Front (1930)
• The Big Trail (1930)
• Becky Sharp (1935)
• Love Affair (1939)
• A Star Is Born (1954)
• Seven Samurai (1954)
• Rear Window (1954)
• Vertigo (1958)
• Spartacus (1960)
• Yojimbo (1961)
• Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
• It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World (1963)
• My Fair Lady (1964)
• Persona (1966)
• The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966)
• Yellow Submarine (1968)
• The Godfather (1972)
• Overlord (1975)
• Superman (1978)
• Superman II (1980)
• Ran (1985)
• Većina Disneyevih animiranih filmova Walt Disney Studio- Fantasia i Bambi
• Većina prije-1948 Warner Bros./pre-1986 MGM/RKO Radio Pictures uključujući: Gone with the Wind & The Wizard of Oz (1939), Citizen Kane (1941), Singin' in the Rain (1952), i Doctor Zhivago (1965), Raging Bull (1980) among others
• Nekoliko20th Century Fox Charlie Chan filmova:

  Charlie Chan in London, Charlie Chan in Paris, Charlie Chan in Egypt, Charlie Chan in Shanghai, Charlie Chan at the Circus, Charlie Chan at the Olympics, Charlie Chan at the Opera, Charlie Chan at the Race Track, Charlie Chan's Secret, Charlie Chan at Monte Carlo, Charlie Chan on Broadway and The Black Camel.

Dodatna literatura

• Audiovisual archives : a practical reader / edited and compiled by Helen P. Harrison for the General Information Programme and UNISIST. - Paris : UNESCO, 1997.
• Cave, D. (2008). "Born digital" – Raised an orphan?: Acquiring digital media through an analog paradigm. The Moving Image. 8(1), 1-13.
• Crofts, C (2008) Digital Decay. The Moving Image. 8 (2), xiii-35.
• Gracy, K. F. (2007). Film preservation: Competing definitions of value, use, and practice. Chicago: The Society of American Archivists.
• Gschwind, R. (2002). Restoration of movie films by Digital Image Processing? In Niseen, D., Larsen, L.R., Christensen, T.C., and Johnsen, J.S. (Eds.) Preserve then Show. Danish Film Institute.
• Karr, Lawrence. Edited by Barbara Cohen- Stratyner.: Film Preservation at Preserving America’s Performing Arts. Papers from the conference on Preservation Management for Performing Arts Collection. April 28-May 1, 1982, Washington, D.C. Theater Library Association.
• Kula, Sam. Appraising Moving Images. Assesing the Archival and Monetary Value of Film and Video Records. Scarecrow Press, 2003.
• McGreevey, Tom: Our Movie Heritage. Rutgers University Press, 1997.
• Paul Read and Mark-Paul Meyer (Editors:): Restoration of motion picture film. Oxford, 2000. ISBN 0-7506-2793-X
• Read, P. (2002). Digital Image Restoration – Black Art or White Magic? In In Niseen, D., Larsen, L.R., Christensen, T.C., and Johnsen, J.S. (Eds.) Preserve then Show. Danish Film Institute.
• Slide, Anthony: Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United States, McFarland and Company, 1992.
• Walsh, D. (2008). How to preserve your films forever. The Moving Image. 8(1), 38-41.
• Kukuljica,M. Zaštita i restauracija filmskog gradiva,Zagreb 2004.

Vanjske poveznice - konzervacija filma u Hrvatskoj

Hrvatski državni arhiv - Hrvatska kinoteka

Vanjske poveznice - konzervacija filma u svijetu

• National Film Preservation Board
• The Film Foundation (Martin Scorsese, President)
• National Film Preservation Foundation
• Video Aids to Film Preservation (VAFP)
• MIC (Moving Image Collections)
• Public Moving Image Archives and Research Centers
• Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA)
• Conservation Online: Motion Picture Film Preservation
• Digital-Nitrate Prize for Film Preservation
• Collection of film restoration issues, collected by Joanneum Research
• The National Film and Sound Archive on Preservation
• The International Federation of Film Archives' Journal of Film Preservation
• The International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives
• The Film Foundation
• Film Forever: The Home Film Preservation Guide
• Australian Network for Information on Cellulose Acetate
• Bonded Services: Film and media storage and preservation

Molimo pročitajte Opće odricanje od odgovornosti. Sve navedene informacije namjenjene su profesionalnim konzervatorima, restauratorima, muzejskim djelatnicima, te onima koje ova problematika zanima i to isključivo u obrazovne svrhe. Njihova svrha nikako nije nadomjestiti konzultiranje s profesionalnim konzervatorom.