Dinastija Liao
Dinastija Liao (pojednostavljeni kineski: 辽朝; tradicionalni kineski: 遼朝; pinyin: Liáo Cháo; kitanski jezik: Mos Jælut),[1] također poznata i kao Kitansko Carstvo (Kineski jezik: 契丹國, Qìdān Guó; kitanski: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur),[2] bila je država u Istočnoj Aziji koja je kao carstvo vladala Mongolijom, te dijelovima današnjeg Kazahstana, ruskog Dalekog istoka i sjeverne Kine između 907. i 1125. Osnovao ju je kitanski veliki kan Abaoji u vrijeme kolapsa kineske carske dinastije Tang.
Liao Carstvo je uništila jurčenska dinastija Jin 1125 godine. Dijelovi kitanskog naroda pod vodstvom Yelü Dashija su izbjegli i osnovali dinastiju Xi (Zapadni) Liao, također poznatu i kao Kara-Kitanski Kanat. Ona je stekla značajan uticaj na Centralnu Aziju i održala se sve do mongolske invazije pod Džingis Kanom 1220.
Izvori[uredi | uredi kôd]
- ↑ (zh) 愛新覚羅烏拉熙春 (Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun). "The State Name of the Liao Dynasty was not “Qara Khitai (Liao Khitai )”: with Presumptions of Phonetic Values of Khitai Large Script and Khitai Small Script (遼朝國號非「哈喇契丹(遼契丹)」考：兼擬契丹大字及契丹小字的音値)". Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 27 Rujan 2011. http://www.apu.ac.jp/~yoshim/part2-4.pdf Pristupljeno 4. veljače 2012.
- ↑ (zh) 愛新覚羅烏拉熙春 (Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun). "Original Meaning of Dan gur in the Khitai Scripts: with a Discussion of the State Name of the Dongdanguo (契丹文dan gur與「東丹國」國號：兼評劉浦江「再談“東丹國”國号問題」)". Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 27 Rujan 2011. http://www.apu.ac.jp/~yoshim/part2-2.pdf Pristupljeno 4. veljače 2012.
Literatura[uredi | uredi kôd]
David Curtis Wright (2005). From War to Diplomatic Parity in Eleventh-Century China: Sung's Foreign Relations With Kitan Liao. Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 290. ISBN 978-90-04-14456-9. and Wang Gungwu, "The Rhetoric of a Lesser Empire: Early Sung Relations with Its Neighbors" in Rossabi, Morris, ed. China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries. University of California Press, 1983, pp. 47–65. may have been used in this article, however there were no in-line citations before the rewriting began. Because the entire article is being rewritten from scratch, these sources will soon be depreciated. When that happens, this notice will be removed.
- Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis (1994). "Introduction". The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. str. 1-42. ISBN 9780521243319 nevaljani ISBN
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- Kane, Daniel (2009). The Kitan Language and Script. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004168299
- Mote, Frederick W. (1999). Imperial China: 900–1800. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674445154
- Shen, Hsueh-Man (2001). "Realizing the Buddha's "Dharma" Body during the Mofa Period: A Study of Liao Buddhist Relic Deposits". Artibus Asiae 61 (2): 263-303. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3249911 Pristupljeno 11. veljače 2012.
- Turchin, Peter; Jonathan M. Adams, Thomas D. Hall (prosinca 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States". Journal of World-Systems Research 12 (2): 219–229. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 19 Kolovoz 2012. http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol12/number2/pdf/jwsr-v12n2-tah.pdf Pristupljeno 12. kolovoza 2010.
- Twitchett, Denis; Tietze, Klaus-Peter (1994). "The Liao". Unutar Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. str. 43-153. ISBN 9780521243319 nevaljani ISBN
- Wittfogel, Karl A.; Feng Chia-Sheng (1946). "History of Chinese Society Liao (907-1125)". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 36: 1-752. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1005570 Pristupljeno 10. veljače 2012.