Paul Karrer – Wikipedija

Paul Karrer (Moskva, 21. travnja 1889. – Zürich, 18. lipnja 1971.), švicarski organski kemičar, najpoznatiji po istraživanju vitamina.

Zajedno s Walterom Normanom Haworthom dobio je 1937. godine Nobelovu nagradu za kemiju.

Izvori[uredi | uredi kôd]

Shampo. 2000. Paul Karrer--research on vitamins. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic. 75 (4): 328. PMID 10761480 |first2= nedostaje |last2= (pomoć)
Isler. 1978. Paul Karrer, 21 April 1889--18 June 1971. Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain). 24: 245–321. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1978.0009. PMID 11615740
Schmid. 1972. Paul Karrer, 1889-1971. Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 28 (5): 367–70. PMID 4566692
Roche. 1972. Paul Karrer (1889-1971). Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine. 156 (4): 89–92. PMID 4565808
Karrer. 1953. Crystallized 3-carboxamide-N1-D-ribosidopyridinium bromide and related compounds. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 12 (1–2): 51–5. PMID 13115412 |first2= nedostaje |last2= (pomoć); |first3= nedostaje |last3= (pomoć)

Vanjske poveznice[uredi | uredi kôd]

Nobel Prize biography

v • u Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za kemiju

1900.-ih	1901. Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff • 1902. Hermann Emil Fischer • 1903. Svante August Arrhenius • 1904. William Ramsay • 1905. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer • 1906. Henri Moissan • 1907. Eduard Buchner • 1908. Ernest Rutherford • 1909. Wilhelm Ostwald

1910.-ih	1910. Otto Wallach • 1911. Maria Skłodowska-Curie • 1912. Victor Grignard i Paul Sabatier • 1913. Alfred Werner • 1914. Theodore William Richards • 1915. Richard Martin Willstätter • 1918. Fritz Haber

1920.-ih	1920. Walther Hermann Nernst • 1921. Frederick Soddy • 1922. Francis William Aston • 1923. Fritz Pregl • 1925. Richard Adolf Zsigmondy • 1926. The (Theodor) Svedberg • 1927. Heinrich Otto Wieland • 1928. Adolf Windaus • 1929. Arthur Harden i Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin

1930.-ih	1930. Hans Fischer • 1931. Carl Bosch i Friedrich Bergius • 1932. Irving Langmuir • 1934. Harold Clayton Urey • 1935. Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie • 1936. Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye • 1937. Walter Norman Haworth i Paul Karrer • 1938. Richard Kuhn • 1939. Adolf Butenandt i Lavoslav Ružička

1940.-ih	1943. George de Hevesy • 1944. Otto Hahn • 1945. Artturi Ilmari Virtanen • 1946. James Batcheller Sumner, John Howard Northrop i Wendell Meredith Stanley • 1947. Robert Robinson • 1948. Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius • 1949. William Francis Giauque

1950.-ih	1950. Otto Paul Hermann Diels i Kurt Alder • 1951. Edwin Mattison McMillan i Glenn Theodore Seaborg • 1952. Archer John Porter Martin i Richard Laurence Millington Synge • 1953. Hermann Staudinger • 1954. Linus Carl Pauling • 1955. Vincent du Vigneaud • 1956. Cyril Norman Hinshelwood i Nikolaj Nikolajevič Semenov • 1957. Sir Alexander Todd • 1958. Frederick Sanger • 1959. Jaroslav Heyrovský

1960.-ih	1960. Willard Frank Libby • 1961. Melvin Calvin • 1962. Max Ferdinand Perutz i John Cowdery Kendrew • 1963. Karl Ziegler i Giulio Natta • 1964. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin • 1965. Robert Burns Woodward • 1966. Robert Mulliken • 1967. Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish i George Porter • 1968. Lars Onsager • 1969. Derek H. R. Barton i Odd Hassel

1970.-ih	1970. Luis F. Leloir • 1971. Gerhard Herzberg • 1972. Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore i William H. Stein • 1973. Ernst Otto Fischer i Geoffrey Wilkinson • 1974. Paul J. Flory • 1975. John Warcup Cornforth i Vladimir Prelog • 1976. William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. • 1977. Ilya Prigogine • 1978. Peter D. Mitchell • 1979. Herbert C. Brown i Georg Wittig

1980.-ih	1980. Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert i Frederick Sanger • 1981. Kenichi Fukui i Roald Hoffmann • 1982. Aaron Klug • 1983. Henry Taube • 1984. Robert Bruce Merrifield • 1985. Herbert A. Hauptman i Jerome Karle • 1986. Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee i John C. Polanyi • 1987. Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn i Charles J. Pedersen • 1988. Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber i Hartmut Michel • 1989. Sidney Altman i Thomas R. Cech

1990.-ih	1990. Elias James Corey • 1991. Richard R. Ernst • 1992. Rudolph A. Marcus • 1993. Kary B. Mullis i Michael Smith • 1994. George A. Olah • 1995. Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina i F. Sherwood Rowland • 1996. Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto i Richard Smalley • 1997. Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker i Jens C. Skou • 1998. Walter Kohn i John A. Pople • 1999. Ahmed H. Zewail

2000.-ih	2000. Alan J Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid i Hideki Shirakawa • 2001. William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori i Karl Barry Sharpless • 2002. Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn i Koichi Tanaka • 2003. Peter Agre i Roderick MacKinnon • 2004. Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko i Irwin Rose • 2005. Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs i Richard R. Schrock • 2006. Roger David Kornberg • 2007. Gerhard Ertl • 2008. Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie i Roger Yonchien Tsien • 2009. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz i Ada Yonath

2010.-ih	2010. Richard F. Heck, Akira Suzuki i Ei-ichi Negishi • 2011. Dan Shechtman • 2012. Robert Lefkowitz i Brian Kobilka • 2013. Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt i Arieh Warshel • 2014. Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell i William Moerner • 2015. Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich i Aziz Sancar • 2016. Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart, Ben Feringa • 2017. Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson • 2018. Frances Arnold, Gregory Winter, George Smith • 2019. John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino

2020.-ih	2020. Emmanuelle Charpentier i Jennifer Doudna • 2021. Benjamin List i David MacMillan • 2022. Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal i Karl Barry Sharpless • 2023. Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus i Aleksej Jekimov

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